Konglx +

HashMap

HashMap的实现原理

1.概述

HashMap是基于哈希表的Map接口的非同步实现。此实现提供所有可选的映射操作,并允许使用null值和null键。此类不保证映射的顺序,特别是它不保证该顺序恒久不变。

2.数据结构

要理解HashMap, 就必须要知道了解其底层的实现, 而底层实现里最重要的就是它的数据结构了,HashMap实际上是一个“链表散列”的数据结构,即数组和链表的结合体。
客官请看图: 数组-链表-HashMap

 /**
 * The table, initialized on first use, and resized as
 * necessary. When allocated, length is always a power of two.
 * (We also tolerate length zero in some operations to allow
 * bootstrapping mechanics that are currently not needed.)
 */
transient Node<K,V>[] table;

/**
 * Holds cached entrySet(). Note that AbstractMap fields are used
 * for keySet() and values().
 */
transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;

这是HashMap最为主要的声明, table是一个包含Node键值对的数组, Node是HashMap实现的一个内部类, 下面是该类的完整实现。

/**
 * Basic hash bin node, used for most entries.  (See below for
 * TreeNode subclass, and in LinkedHashMap for its Entry subclass.)
 */
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
    final int hash;
    final K key;
    V value;
    Node<K,V> next;

    Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
        this.hash = hash;
        this.key = key;
        this.value = value;
        this.next = next;
    }

	public final K getKey()        { return key; }
    public final V getValue()      { return value; }
    public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }

    public final int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
    }

    public final V setValue(V newValue) {
        V oldValue = value;
        value = newValue;
        return oldValue;
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (o == this)
            return true;
        if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
            Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
            if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
                Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

其中有几个方法挺有意思的, 比如hashCode()的计算是等于键和值的hashCode的按位取反,equals()方法中只有当key 和value同时相等时该Node才相等。


深入Java集合学习系列:HashMap的实现原理

Blog

Opinion

Project